Introduction to EVs
Electric vehicles (EVs) are powered by electricity instead of gasoline or diesel. EVs use one or more electric motors to move. The motor converts the energy stored in the battery into energy to turn the vehicle wheels. EVs offer smooth and quiet acceleration. The quiet acceleration helps make streets less noisy. Many EVs make artificial sounds at low speeds for safety, but they are quieter than gasoline cars. EVs produce zero tailpipe emissions. This means that they reduce carbon emissions and the use of fossil fuels like oil.
Types of EVs
There are two types of EVs. Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are all electric - they use only electricity to power the motor. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) combine an electric motor with a gas-powered engine. These vehicles can operate in all-electric mode, drawing power from a battery. They can also operate in hybrid mode where the gas-powered engine assists or takes over when needed. Both BEVs and PHEVs plug in to charge, just like a mobile phone. PHEVs also have a gasoline tank.
The driving range of a BEV ranges from 100 to over 400 miles on a single charge. PHEVs offer a limited all-electric range, usually between 20 to 50 miles depending on the model.
To learn more about at-home and public charging stations visit our EV charging webpage.
We waited for some used EVs to come on the market, and purchased a 2013 Nissan Leaf in 2015. We still have it in addition to a Tesla Model 3. Even living in rural West Marin we were able to run errands in Novato or San Rafael in the Leaf without much worry. Now, with our Tesla we can easily go to San Francisco, the East Bay, Santa Rosa, and beyond without charging on the road. We love our EVs and the transition has been quite easy for us. I would encourage everyone to choose an EV for their next vehicle. There are new and used EVs in just about every vehicle type and budget. EVs are not just the future -- they are NOW!!” - Kathy Hunting, Resident of Rural West Marin
EV benefits
- Fueling an EV with electricity may cost less than gasoline depending on your electricity source.
- EVs have fewer moving parts so they cost far less to maintain over a traditional car.
- Save up to $7,500 on eligible models with the Federal Tax Credit.
- Save time by conveniently charging at home and skipping the gas station.
- EVs are quiet with quick acceleration. They offer a fun, smooth driving experience while reducing noise pollution.
- BEVs produce zero tailpipe emissions, decreasing air pollution.
EV range
Range refers to the distance an EV can travel on a single battery charge. Range is something to consider when you shop for an EV. It determines how far you can drive before needing to recharge. EV range depends on the model but can be anywhere from 100 to over 300 miles on a single charge. Maintenance and driving habits will affect your vehicle’s range.
- Regenerative braking recovers energy during deceleration and braking, which will increase range. In fact, most EVs slow down so quickly that they reduce the need for using the brakes to lower your speed.
- You'll want to be wise when using your air conditioner and heater. Consider cooling or heating the inside of your car while it's still plugged in.
- To reduce rolling resistance, keep tires well inflated. A smoother ride needs less battery energy.
- Do your best to drive at a consistent speed. Maintain a moderate speed to conserve energy.
- Extreme weather (hot/cold)
- Air conditioning/heating
- Battery cooling/heating
- Driving at high speeds
- Accelerating rapidly
- Driving up hills/mountains
- Towing heavy loads
EV maintenance
EVs have fewer moving parts which need less maintenance. They don't have radiators or need oil changes. However, because of the weight of the battery, tires and brakes may wear more quickly. Regular maintenance of these parts is recommended.
Frequently asked questions about EVs
- Are electric vehicles cheaper to operate than cars?
- Yes, EVs are typically cheaper to operate. Electricity costs less than gasoline and EVs have fewer maintenance needs.
- What incentives are available for electric vehicle buyers?
- Incentives may include tax credits, rebates, and access to carpool lanes in some regions. Use our incentive finder to learn which you qualify for.
- Are electric vehicles as safe as traditional cars?
- Safety requirements for electric vehicles are like those of conventional vehicles. For information on EVs meeting safety standards and testing, check out the Department of Energy.
- Can I take an electric vehicle on a long road trip?
- Yes, many EVs have enough range for long trips. An increase in the number of charging stations across the U.S. helps too!
- Are electric vehicles suitable for cold climates?
- Yes, EVs can perform well in cold weather, although range may decrease in extreme cold.
- Do I need a special license to drive an electric car?
- No, you do not need a special license to drive an electric car; a regular driver's license suffices.
- How do I charge an electric vehicle?
- You can charge an EV using a standard electrical outlet at home or at public charging stations. For more details on charger levels and uses visit the EV Charging webpage.
- How long does it take to charge an electric car?
- Charging times vary based on different charging speeds. It can take 4-8 hours or more for home charging and less than an hour at fast-charging stations.
- What's the lifespan of an electric car battery?
- Battery lifespan varies but can last 8-15 years or more, depending on usage and care. When someone needs to replace a battery, they send it to a special facility. The facility dismantles and recycles specific components. Then critical materials are reintroduced back into the supply chain. These recycling processes will reduce the life-cycle impacts of EV batteries. Visit the Department of Energy website to learn more about EV battery recycling.
- Can I charge an electric vehicle in the rain?
- Yes, EVs are safe to charge in all weather conditions.
- What's the environmental impact of manufacturing EV batteries?
- Generally, the emissions saved during the vehicle's life outweigh impacts of battery production. This graph, by the Environmental Protection Agency, shows the emissions of battery manufacturing. This includes mineral mining. It is important to dispose of and recycle batteries at appropriate facilities. Learn what the Department of Energy reports about EV emissions.
- Can I charge my electric vehicle at any power outlet?
- You can use the cord that comes with your electric vehicle to charge it using a regular outlet. You’ll still want to have an electrician assess your home’s electrical system to make sure it can support the extra load. For more information, visit the EV Charging webpage.
- Depending on eligibility, you could save thousands when you buy or lease a new or used EV with available incentives.
- EVs have instant torque, providing quick, smooth acceleration.
- In California, EV batteries come with a 10-year/150,000-mile warranty.
- Fast chargers can charge a vehicle's battery up to 80% in as little as 30 minutes.
- Marin County is home to over 1,000 EV chargers.
- Some EV models have up to 400+ miles of range.
- There are over 100 EV models available with types for almost any lifestyle. These include trucks, motorcycles, SUVs, and even e-bikes.
- No matter how you charge your vehicle, EVs are more efficient than traditional gas cars.
- Battery electric vehicle (BEV) drivetrains have, on average, just 20 parts compared to the over 2,000 found in gas car motors.
- If your home has solar panels you can charge using 100% clean energy.